1. Physical Properties: At room temperature, it is a white crystalline powder/needle-like crystal, odorless, and slightly hygroscopic; readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, toluene, acetone, and chloroform; readily soluble in hot water and hydrolyzes to succinic acid (butanoic acid); slightly soluble in diethyl ether and petroleum ether. Key physical properties are as follows: Melting point: 119~122℃ (pure product) Boiling point: 261℃ (at normal pressure, decomposition) Flash point: 157℃ (closed cup) Density: 1.503 g/cm³ (20℃, crystalline state) Acid value: ≈1120 mg KOH/g (high activity, much higher than DDSA/PIBSA)

2. Chemical Properties: Belongs to highly reactive aliphatic monohydric anhydrides. Its five-membered ring structure is unstable and prone to ring-opening reactions: reacting with nucleophiles such as amines, alcohols, phenols, and water to form derivatives such as succinamides, succinates, and succinic acid; it has good thermal stability, stable in dry environments below 150℃, and reacts with water/ The alcohol undergoes rapid hydrolysis and requires sealed, moisture-proof storage.

3. Core Industrial Applications

As a fundamental organic synthesis intermediate, it is a core raw material for the production of anhydride derivatives (DDSA/PIBSA are both derived from it) and fine chemicals. Its downstream applications cover multiple industries, making it a basic chemical raw material:

Resins/Coatings: Reacts with epoxy resins as a curing agent (low-temperature curing, suitable for small electronic packaging and adhesives), used for modifying unsaturated polyester resins and alkyd resins to improve resin adhesion and toughness;

Pharmaceuticals/Pesticides: A key intermediate in the synthesis of antibiotics, sulfonamides, plant growth regulators, and insecticides;

Fine Chemicals: Produces succinate plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, and food additives (acidulant precursors);

Chemical Raw Material Synthesis: Adds with dodecene, polyisobutylene, etc., to prepare downstream anhydride products such as DDSA (dodecenyl succinic anhydride) and PIBSA (polyisobutylenyl succinic anhydride);

Others: Used in the synthesis of paper sizing agents, textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries, and metal chelating agents.